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# CORPUS-0011
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## Round-Trip Cart Value
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### Status: Training Corpus Seed
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### Layer: Layer_1--Worked_Examples
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### Purpose: Teach that transport capacity may create value in both directions, and that a route should not always be evaluated as a one-way movement
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### Repository Path: docs/training/corpus/Layer_1--Worked_Examples/CORPUS-0011-round-trip-cart-value.md
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---
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## 0. Scenario
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A trader in Ostia wants to send goods to Capua.
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A cart from Capua has already arrived in Ostia carrying raw material.
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The cart must return to Capua.
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If the trader can load the return trip, the cart owner avoids travelling empty, and the trader may obtain better terms.
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The same physical journey can carry value in both directions.
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---
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## 1. One-Way Assumption
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A weak model may treat transport as a simple one-way purchase:
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```text
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Ostia -> Capua cart hire = 10 asses
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```
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If the trader must pay the whole hire, the cost may erase profit.
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But if the cart already needs to return to Capua, the trader may only need to pay for unused return capacity.
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The cart's prior movement matters.
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---
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## 2. Known Facts
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| Fact | Value |
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|---|---:|
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| Cart origin | Capua |
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| Cart current location | Ostia |
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| Cart must return to Capua | yes |
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| Normal one-way hire Ostia -> Capua | 10 asses |
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| Reduced return-leg rate | 5 asses |
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| Trader's cargo value in Ostia | 20 asses |
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| Expected sale value in Capua | 32 asses |
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| Other handling costs | 3 asses |
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---
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## 3. One-Way Calculation
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If the trader pays full one-way hire:
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```text
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purchase value: 20 asses
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cart hire: 10 asses
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other handling: 3 asses
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------------------------------
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total cost: 33 asses
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sale value: 32 asses
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result: 1 as loss
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```
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The venture fails by arithmetic.
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---
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## 4. Return-Leg Calculation
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If the trader uses the cart's required return trip:
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```text
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purchase value: 20 asses
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return-leg rate: 5 asses
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other handling: 3 asses
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------------------------------
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total cost: 28 asses
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sale value: 32 asses
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result: 4 asses profit
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```
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The same cargo and destination become viable because transport capacity was already moving.
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---
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## 5. Why The Cart Owner Accepts
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The cart owner may accept the reduced return-leg rate because:
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- the cart must return to Capua anyway
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- empty return earns nothing
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- the load offsets animal feed and driver time
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- the trader pays promptly
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- the trader may offer repeat business
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- the cargo is easy to handle
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The reduced rate is not generosity.
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It is shared use of existing movement.
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---
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## 6. Round-Trip Exchange Variant
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The arrangement may include value in both directions:
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### Capua -> Ostia
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The cart brings:
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- raw timber
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- wool
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- charcoal
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- agricultural goods
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- workshop material
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### Ostia -> Capua
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The cart returns with:
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- oil
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- imported goods
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- tools
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- household supplies
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- finished stock
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- letters or documents
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Each leg may serve a different party.
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The trader may profit not by owning the cart, but by understanding that the cart should not return empty.
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---
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## 7. Household Supply Variant
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The return cargo may not all be market cargo.
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A Capua cart owner may ask to carry supplies for his household:
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- oil
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- fish sauce
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- cloth
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- tools
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- small luxury items
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- medicines or prepared goods
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These goods may partly settle the transport agreement.
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This creates a mixed exchange:
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```text
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cash payment
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+ goods carried for household use
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+ future hauling preference
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```
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The model should not treat household supply as irrelevant.
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It can be part of the transport bargain.
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---
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## 8. Risks Of Linked Legs
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A round-trip arrangement can fail because either leg fails.
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Risk examples:
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- inbound cargo arrives late
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- cart needs repair before return
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- animals are tired
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- driver changes terms after arrival
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- outbound cargo is not ready
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- return cargo is heavier than expected
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- goods for household use are disputed in value
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- delay on first leg destroys profit on second leg
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A round-trip plan may reduce cost, but it increases dependency between events.
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---
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## 9. Correct Model Behavior
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The model should ask:
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- does the cart need to return anyway?
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- is return capacity empty?
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- who controls the cart?
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- what did the cart carry inbound?
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- what can it carry outbound?
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- does return cargo reduce effective transport cost?
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- are cash, goods, and future obligations combined?
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- what risks link the two legs?
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Transport is not only a price.
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It is moving capacity across time and direction.
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---
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## 10. Incorrect Model Behavior
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The model should not:
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- treat every cart hire as isolated one-way cost
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- ignore why the cart is already in Ostia
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- ignore empty return capacity
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- ignore household supply as value
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- assume reduced rate is unexplained discount
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- ignore linked-leg risk
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- calculate each leg without considering the whole movement
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---
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## 11. Layer-0 Concepts Used
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This example uses:
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- `CORPUS-0001-trade-requires-two-locations`
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- `CORPUS-0004-cost-includes-more-than-purchase-price`
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- `CORPUS-0005-profit-is-sale-minus-total-cost`
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- `CORPUS-0006-delay-is-economic-cost`
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- `CORPUS-0009-liquidity-differs-from-wealth`
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- `CORPUS-0013-non-coin-settlement-exists`
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- `CORPUS-0018-rivalry-changes-conditions`
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---
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## 12. Success Condition
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If the model sees a cart moving between two cities and asks whether both directions can carry value before calculating transport cost, this file is functioning correctly.
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