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+# CORPUS-0014
+## Cart Ownership Versus Cart Hire
+### Status: Training Corpus Seed
+### Layer: Layer_1--Worked_Examples
+### Purpose: Teach the difference between owning transport capacity, hiring transport, reserving space, and holding priority access
+### Repository Path: docs/training/corpus/Layer_1--Worked_Examples/CORPUS-0014-cart-ownership-vs-cart-hire.md
+
+---
+
+## 0. Scenario
+
+A trader in Ostia wants to send goods to Capua.
+
+He needs cart capacity.
+
+He may obtain that capacity in several ways:
+
+- own a cart
+- hire an entire cart
+- reserve part of a cart
+- arrange priority with a driver
+- use a cart through obligation or favor
+
+These are not the same economic position.
+
+The model must distinguish ownership, use, access, cost, risk, and control.
+
+---
+
+## 1. Transport Options
+
+| Option | Immediate Coin Cost | Control | Risk | Notes |
+|---|---:|---|---|---|
+| own cart | lower per trip, higher upkeep | high | owner bears repair and animal risk | productive asset |
+| hire full cart | high | medium | driver or owner bears some operating risk | good for larger cargo |
+| reserve cart space | lower | low | space may be contested or delayed | good for small cargo |
+| priority agreement | variable | conditional | depends on trust | access right, not ownership |
+| favor-based use | low coin | uncertain | obligation created | non-coin settlement |
+
+Transport capacity can be bought, rented, shared, reserved, or socially accessed.
+
+---
+
+## 2. Ownership Example
+
+The trader owns a cart.
+
+For one venture:
+
+```text
+cart hire paid to others = 0 asses
+repair and feed cost = 4 asses
+driver or labor cost = 3 asses
+total transport operating cost = 7 asses
+```
+
+Owning the cart reduces dependence on outside hire.
+
+But ownership creates ongoing burdens:
+
+- maintenance
+- animal feed
+- storage
+- repair
+- driver management
+- idle time
+- damage risk
+
+A cart is productive capacity, not free movement.
+
+---
+
+## 3. Full Hire Example
+
+The trader hires a full cart.
+
+```text
+full cart hire = 10 asses
+```
+
+Advantages:
+
+- no long-term maintenance burden
+- clear one-trip cost
+- suitable for larger cargo
+- easier to account for
+
+Disadvantages:
+
+- cart may be unavailable
+- price can rise under demand
+- driver may choose a better-paying client
+- the trader does not control future capacity
+
+Hire buys temporary use, not ownership.
+
+---
+
+## 4. Reserved Space Example
+
+The trader reserves part of a cart already going to Capua.
+
+```text
+reserved cart space = 4 asses
+```
+
+Advantages:
+
+- cheaper than full hire
+- useful for smaller cargo
+- may exploit return-leg movement
+
+Disadvantages:
+
+- limited capacity
+- departure depends on cart owner
+- other cargo may delay movement
+- priority may be low
+- goods may be exposed to mixed-load damage
+
+Reserved space is access to capacity, not control over the cart.
+
+---
+
+## 5. Priority Agreement Example
+
+The trader has an arrangement with a cart driver.
+
+The driver agrees to offer him first chance at space when traveling to Capua.
+
+The trader does not own the cart and may not pay until use.
+
+The value lies in access.
+
+Possible cost:
+
+```text
+small gift
++ prior favor
++ reliable payment history
++ future hauling promise
+```
+
+This is a right-like relationship.
+
+It can be more valuable than coin if carts become scarce.
+
+---
+
+## 6. Arithmetic Comparison
+
+Same cargo:
+
+```text
+expected sale value = 32 asses
+purchase value = 20 asses
+other costs = 3 asses
+```
+
+### Own Cart Operating Cost
+
+```text
+total cost = 20 + 3 + 7 = 30 asses
+result = 2 asses profit
+```
+
+### Full Hire
+
+```text
+total cost = 20 + 3 + 10 = 33 asses
+result = 1 as loss
+```
+
+### Reserved Space
+
+```text
+total cost = 20 + 3 + 4 = 27 asses
+result = 5 asses profit
+```
+
+Reserved space looks best here, but only if timing, capacity, and cargo safety are acceptable.
+
+The cheapest option is not always the best option.
+
+---
+
+## 7. Risk Variants
+
+### Variant A — Own Cart Breaks
+
+The trader owns the cart, but an axle repair costs 6 asses.
+
+Ownership advantage disappears.
+
+### Variant B — Full Hire Delayed
+
+The hired driver accepts another client's higher payment.
+
+The trader loses timing advantage.
+
+### Variant C — Reserved Space Bumped
+
+The cart owner gives priority to heavier cargo.
+
+The trader's goods wait.
+
+### Variant D — Priority Agreement Holds
+
+The driver honors the agreement during shortage.
+
+The trader gains access while rivals wait.
+
+---
+
+## 8. Correct Model Behavior
+
+The model should separate:
+
+| Category | Meaning |
+|---|---|
+| ownership | who owns the cart |
+| use | who may use it for this trip |
+| control | who decides timing and load |
+| cost | coin and non-coin burden |
+| maintenance | who keeps it usable |
+| risk | who bears loss or delay |
+| access right | who receives priority |
+| capacity | how much cargo can be carried |
+
+A cart is not simply a transport price.
+
+It is an asset, service, access right, and risk bundle depending on arrangement.
+
+---
+
+## 9. Incorrect Model Behavior
+
+The model should not:
+
+- treat owning a cart as free transport
+- treat hired transport as ownership
+- treat reserved space as full control
+- ignore maintenance and feed
+- ignore priority relationships
+- ignore mixed-load risk
+- assume cheapest transport is best
+- ignore access scarcity during high demand
+
+---
+
+## 10. Layer-0 Concepts Used
+
+This example uses:
+
+- `Layer_0/CORPUS-0004-cost-includes-more-than-purchase-price`
+- `Layer_0/CORPUS-0005-profit-is-sale-minus-total-cost`
+- `Layer_0/CORPUS-0006-delay-is-economic-cost`
+- `Layer_0/CORPUS-0013-non-coin-settlement-exists`
+- `Layer_0/CORPUS-0018-rivalry-changes-conditions`
+- `Layer_0/CORPUS-0021-assets-can-be-productive-or-passive`
+- `Layer_0/CORPUS-0022-rights-can-have-economic-value`
+- `Layer_0/CORPUS-0023-ownership-use-and-income-can-separate`
+- `Layer_1/CORPUS-0011-round-trip-cart-value`
+
+---
+
+## 11. Success Condition
+
+If the model sees cart capacity and asks whether the actor owns it, hires it, reserves space on it, or holds priority access to it before calculating cost and control, this file is functioning correctly.