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# CORPUS-0001
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## Trade Requires Two Locations
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### Status: Training Corpus Seed
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### Layer: Layer_0--Primitive_Facts
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### Purpose: Teach the first primitive of commerce: trade requires a difference between places
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### Repository Path: docs/training/corpus/Layer_0--Primitive_Facts/CORPUS-0001-trade-requires-two-locations.md
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---
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<!-- chunk:
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id: CORPUS-0001::01::principle
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source_file: CORPUS-0001-trade-requires-two-locations.md
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repository_path: docs/training/corpus/Layer_0--Primitive_Facts/CORPUS-0001-trade-requires-two-locations.md
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domain: commerce
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layer: Layer_0--Primitive_Facts
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document_id: CORPUS-0001
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document_title: Trade Requires Two Locations
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section_heading: 0. Principle + 1. Roman-Visible Example + 2. Minimal Trade Structure
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...
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chunk_role: principle
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concept_tags:
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- trade
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- require
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- two
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- location
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- principle
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- primitive_facts
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knowledge_state:
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- actor_visible
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- inferred
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actors: []
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-->
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## 0. Principle
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Trade begins when the same good has different value in different places.
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A trader does not create profit merely by owning goods.
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A trader creates the possibility of profit by moving goods, claims, or information between locations where value differs.
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---
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## 1. Roman-Visible Example
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Oil in Ostia and oil in Capua are not the same economic fact.
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The oil itself may be identical.
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But its value may differ because:
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- one city has more supply
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- one city has stronger demand
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- one route is delayed
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- one buyer needs it sooner
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- one market has not yet heard news from the other
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A trader sees two places, not one price.
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---
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## 2. Minimal Trade Structure
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A trade requires at least:
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1. an origin location
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2. a destination location
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3. a good or claim
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4. a price or value difference
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5. a cost of movement
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6. time between decision and result
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Without two locations, there is sale or storage, but not trade by route.
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---
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## 3. Incorrect Modern Assumption
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Incorrect assumption:
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> A good has one true price.
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Correction:
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> A good has local prices, and those prices change with place, time, need, and information.
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---
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## 4. Simulation Use
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This principle supports:
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- route design
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- city price differences
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- venture selection
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- transport cost
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- information delay
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- arbitrage
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- failed ventures
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The model should not treat trade as a menu transaction.
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Trade is a decision to act across distance.
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---
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## 5. Canonical Test
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If the model sees:
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> Buy oil for 10 asses. Sell oil for 14 asses.
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It must ask:
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- where was it bought?
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- where was it sold?
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- how long did movement take?
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- what did movement cost?
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- what changed during the journey?
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Only then can profit be understood.
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---
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## 6. Success Condition
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If the model stops treating price as universal and starts treating price as local, this file is functioning correctly.
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<!-- /chunk -->
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---
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# CORPUS-0002
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## Goods Have Local Prices
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### Status: Training Corpus Seed
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### Layer: Layer_0--Primitive_Facts
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### Purpose: Teach that price is local, time-bound, and shaped by supply, demand, and information
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### Repository Path: docs/training/corpus/Layer_0--Primitive_Facts/CORPUS-0002-goods-have-local-prices.md
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---
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<!-- chunk:
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id: CORPUS-0002::01::principle
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source_file: CORPUS-0002-goods-have-local-prices.md
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repository_path: docs/training/corpus/Layer_0--Primitive_Facts/CORPUS-0002-goods-have-local-prices.md
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domain: commerce
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layer: Layer_0--Primitive_Facts
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|
document_id: CORPUS-0002
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document_title: Goods Have Local Prices
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section_heading: 0. Principle + 1. Roman-Visible Example + 2. Minimal Price Structure
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...
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chunk_role: principle
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concept_tags:
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- goods
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- local
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- price
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- principle
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- primitive_facts
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|
knowledge_state:
|
||||||
|
- actor_visible
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||||||
|
- inferred
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||||||
|
actors: []
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|
-->
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## 0. Principle
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A good does not have one universal price.
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A good has a price in a place, at a time, under current conditions.
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The same amphora of oil may be cheap in Ostia and dear in Capua.
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The good is the same. The market is not.
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---
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## 1. Roman-Visible Example
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A trader hears that oil sells in Ostia for 10 asses.
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This does not tell him what oil sells for in Capua.
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The Capua price may differ because:
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- fewer amphorae arrived there
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- more households need oil
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- a road delay slowed supply
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- a festival increased consumption
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- a rumor caused hoarding
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- buyers have not yet heard that new supply is coming
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The trader must learn the local price before judging opportunity.
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---
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## 2. Minimal Price Structure
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A local price depends on at least:
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1. location
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2. time
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3. good type and quality
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4. available supply
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5. current demand
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6. information available to buyers and sellers
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7. urgency of buyer or seller
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A price without location is incomplete.
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---
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## 3. Incorrect Modern Assumption
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Incorrect assumption:
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> The price of oil is 10 asses.
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Correction:
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> The price of oil is 10 asses in a specific place, at a specific time, under specific conditions.
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---
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## 4. Simulation Use
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This principle supports:
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- city-level price tables
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- local market variation
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- rumor-driven price movement
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- supply shocks
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- route-based arbitrage
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- seasonal changes
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- failed assumptions about destination markets
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The model should not copy one city’s price to another city unless a rule says prices are linked.
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---
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## 5. Canonical Test
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If the model sees:
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> Oil costs 10 asses.
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It must ask:
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- where?
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- when?
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- what quality?
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- who is buying?
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- who is selling?
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- is the price current or stale?
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- has new information arrived?
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Only then is the price usable.
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---
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## 6. Success Condition
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If the model stops treating price as a property of the good and starts treating price as a condition of the local market, this file is functioning correctly.
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||||||
|
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||||||
|
<!-- /chunk -->
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||||||
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---
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@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
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# CORPUS-0003
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## Money Has Purchasing Power
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### Status: Training Corpus Seed
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### Layer: Layer_0--Primitive_Facts
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### Purpose: Teach that coins matter because of what they can command in a specific place and moment
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### Repository Path: docs/training/corpus/Layer_0--Primitive_Facts/CORPUS-0003-money-has-purchasing-power.md
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|
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||||||
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---
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||||||
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<!-- chunk:
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||||||
|
id: CORPUS-0003::01::principle
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||||||
|
source_file: CORPUS-0003-money-has-purchasing-power.md
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|
repository_path: docs/training/corpus/Layer_0--Primitive_Facts/CORPUS-0003-money-has-purchasing-power.md
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|
domain: commerce
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layer: Layer_0--Primitive_Facts
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document_id: CORPUS-0003
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document_title: Money Has Purchasing Power
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section_heading: 0. Principle + 1. Roman-Visible Example + 2. Minimal Purchasing Power
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Structure ...
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chunk_role: principle
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concept_tags:
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- money
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- purchasing
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- power
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- principle
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|
- primitive_facts
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|
knowledge_state:
|
||||||
|
- actor_visible
|
||||||
|
- inferred
|
||||||
|
actors: []
|
||||||
|
-->
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|
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## 0. Principle
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Money is not only coin count.
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Money matters because of what it can command.
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One as, one sestertius, or one denarius has meaning only when connected to prices, needs, and location.
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|
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||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
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|
## 1. Roman-Visible Example
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|
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A trader has 16 asses.
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This may be displayed as 1 denarius.
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But the important question is not only:
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> How many coins does he have?
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|
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The important question is:
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> What can those coins buy here today?
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|
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|
In one moment, 16 asses may buy food, lodging, small tools, porter labor, or part of a transport arrangement.
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|
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|
In another moment, after a shortage or delay, the same 16 asses may command less.
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||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 2. Minimal Purchasing Power Structure
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Purchasing power depends on at least:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. coin stock
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|
2. local prices
|
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|
3. urgency
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|
4. available supply
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|
5. seller willingness
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||||||
|
6. buyer reputation
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||||||
|
7. timing
|
||||||
|
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||||||
|
Coin stock is counted.
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||||||
|
Purchasing power is interpreted.
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||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 3. Incorrect Modern Assumption
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Incorrect assumption:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> More coins always means more economic power.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Correction:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> More coins usually help, but economic power also depends on local prices, access, trust, and timing.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A trusted trader with fewer coins may obtain goods on credit.
|
||||||
|
A stranger with more coins may be refused, delayed, or overcharged.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 4. Simulation Use
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This principle supports:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- coin accounting
|
||||||
|
- buying power modifiers
|
||||||
|
- local price indexes
|
||||||
|
- credit access
|
||||||
|
- scarcity effects
|
||||||
|
- status-based access
|
||||||
|
- liquidity decisions
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The model should not treat coin balance alone as full economic power.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 5. Canonical Test
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If the model sees:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> The trader has 1 denarius.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
It must ask:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- where is he?
|
||||||
|
- what does he need to buy?
|
||||||
|
- what are local prices?
|
||||||
|
- is supply available?
|
||||||
|
- will sellers deal with him?
|
||||||
|
- can he use credit instead of coin?
|
||||||
|
- does spending now reduce later options?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Only then can the coin amount be interpreted.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 6. Success Condition
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If the model stops asking only “How much money?” and starts asking “What can this money command here and now?” this file is functioning correctly.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<!-- /chunk -->
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
|
|||||||
|
# CORPUS-0004
|
||||||
|
## Cost Includes More Than Purchase Price
|
||||||
|
### Status: Training Corpus Seed
|
||||||
|
### Layer: Layer_0--Primitive_Facts
|
||||||
|
### Purpose: Teach that the cost of a venture includes every expense required to acquire, hold, move, protect, and sell the good
|
||||||
|
### Repository Path: docs/training/corpus/Layer_0--Primitive_Facts/CORPUS-0004-cost-includes-more-than-purchase-price.md
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<!-- chunk:
|
||||||
|
id: CORPUS-0004::01::principle
|
||||||
|
source_file: CORPUS-0004-cost-includes-more-than-purchase-price.md
|
||||||
|
repository_path: docs/training/corpus/Layer_0--Primitive_Facts/CORPUS-0004-cost-includes-more-than-purchase-price.md
|
||||||
|
domain: commerce
|
||||||
|
layer: Layer_0--Primitive_Facts
|
||||||
|
document_id: CORPUS-0004
|
||||||
|
document_title: Cost Includes More Than Purchase Price
|
||||||
|
section_heading: 0. Principle + 1. Roman-Visible Example + 2. Minimal Cost Structure
|
||||||
|
...
|
||||||
|
chunk_role: principle
|
||||||
|
concept_tags:
|
||||||
|
- cost
|
||||||
|
- includes
|
||||||
|
- more
|
||||||
|
- than
|
||||||
|
- purchase
|
||||||
|
- price
|
||||||
|
- principle
|
||||||
|
knowledge_state:
|
||||||
|
- actor_visible
|
||||||
|
- inferred
|
||||||
|
actors: []
|
||||||
|
-->
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 0. Principle
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Purchase price is not total cost.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A trader who buys a good must also consider the cost of making that good available for sale in another place or time.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Total cost may include:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- purchase price
|
||||||
|
- porterage
|
||||||
|
- cart hire
|
||||||
|
- animal feed
|
||||||
|
- storage
|
||||||
|
- dues
|
||||||
|
- losses from damage
|
||||||
|
- delay
|
||||||
|
- spoilage
|
||||||
|
- guards or escorts
|
||||||
|
- payments to clerks, witnesses, or handlers
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A low purchase price may still produce a bad venture if the remaining costs are high.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 1. Roman-Visible Example
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A trader buys oil in Ostia for 10 asses.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
He plans to sell it in Capua.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The purchase price is only the first cost.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
He may also pay:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 1 as to move the amphora from seller to storage
|
||||||
|
- 2 asses for storage before departure
|
||||||
|
- 4 asses toward cart space
|
||||||
|
- 1 as for handling at arrival
|
||||||
|
- 1 as lost through leakage or breakage risk
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The oil did not cost him 10 asses.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
It cost him 19 asses before he could sell it.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 2. Minimal Cost Structure
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A venture cost requires at least:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. acquisition cost
|
||||||
|
2. movement cost
|
||||||
|
3. holding cost
|
||||||
|
4. transaction cost
|
||||||
|
5. loss or damage risk
|
||||||
|
6. time cost
|
||||||
|
7. opportunity cost
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A trader must count all costs that exist because the venture exists.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 3. Incorrect Modern Assumption
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Incorrect assumption:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> If a trader buys for 10 asses and sells for 14 asses, he earns 4 asses.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Correction:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> He earns 4 asses only if there are no other costs. If movement, storage, dues, or damage cost more than 4 asses, the venture loses money.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 4. Simulation Use
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This principle supports:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- venture accounting
|
||||||
|
- transport cost
|
||||||
|
- storage cost
|
||||||
|
- spoilage and breakage
|
||||||
|
- taxes and dues
|
||||||
|
- delay penalties
|
||||||
|
- comparison between possible ventures
|
||||||
|
- failed trades that looked profitable at purchase
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The model should not calculate profit from purchase price alone.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 5. Canonical Test
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If the model sees:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> Buy oil for 10 asses. Sell oil for 14 asses.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
It must ask:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- what did it cost to move the oil?
|
||||||
|
- what did storage cost?
|
||||||
|
- were dues paid?
|
||||||
|
- was any quantity lost?
|
||||||
|
- how long was capital tied up?
|
||||||
|
- what other venture was missed?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Only then can total cost be known.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 6. Success Condition
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If the model stops treating purchase price as total cost and starts counting every burden created by the venture, this file is functioning correctly.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<!-- /chunk -->
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
|
|||||||
|
# CORPUS-0005
|
||||||
|
## Profit Is Sale Price Minus Total Cost
|
||||||
|
### Status: Training Corpus Seed
|
||||||
|
### Layer: Layer_0--Primitive_Facts
|
||||||
|
### Purpose: Teach that profit is calculated after all costs are counted, not merely by comparing purchase and sale price
|
||||||
|
### Repository Path: docs/training/corpus/Layer_0--Primitive_Facts/CORPUS-0005-profit-is-sale-minus-total-cost.md
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<!-- chunk:
|
||||||
|
id: CORPUS-0005::01::principle
|
||||||
|
source_file: CORPUS-0005-profit-is-sale-minus-total-cost.md
|
||||||
|
repository_path: docs/training/corpus/Layer_0--Primitive_Facts/CORPUS-0005-profit-is-sale-minus-total-cost.md
|
||||||
|
domain: commerce
|
||||||
|
layer: Layer_0--Primitive_Facts
|
||||||
|
document_id: CORPUS-0005
|
||||||
|
document_title: Profit Is Sale Price Minus Total Cost
|
||||||
|
section_heading: 0. Principle + 1. Roman-Visible Example + 2. Minimal Profit Structure
|
||||||
|
...
|
||||||
|
chunk_role: principle
|
||||||
|
concept_tags:
|
||||||
|
- profit
|
||||||
|
- sale
|
||||||
|
- price
|
||||||
|
- minus
|
||||||
|
- total
|
||||||
|
- cost
|
||||||
|
- principle
|
||||||
|
knowledge_state:
|
||||||
|
- actor_visible
|
||||||
|
- inferred
|
||||||
|
actors: []
|
||||||
|
-->
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 0. Principle
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Profit is what remains after total cost is subtracted from sale value.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A trader does not profit because the sale price is higher than the purchase price.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A trader profits only if the sale value exceeds every cost created by the venture.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```text
|
||||||
|
profit = sale_value - total_cost
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 1. Roman-Visible Example
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A trader buys oil in Ostia for 10 asses.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
He sells it in Capua for 18 asses.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
At first glance, the gain appears to be 8 asses.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
But the venture also required:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 2 asses for porterage
|
||||||
|
- 3 asses for cart space
|
||||||
|
- 1 as for storage
|
||||||
|
- 1 as for handling at Capua
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Total cost:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```text
|
||||||
|
10 + 2 + 3 + 1 + 1 = 17 asses
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Actual profit:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```text
|
||||||
|
18 - 17 = 1 as
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The venture succeeded, but only barely.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 2. Minimal Profit Structure
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Profit requires at least:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. sale value
|
||||||
|
2. purchase price
|
||||||
|
3. movement cost
|
||||||
|
4. holding cost
|
||||||
|
5. transaction cost
|
||||||
|
6. loss adjustment
|
||||||
|
7. time and opportunity cost where relevant
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A sale can look profitable before the full cost is counted.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 3. Incorrect Modern Assumption
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Incorrect assumption:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> Bought for 10, sold for 18, profit is 8.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Correction:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> Bought for 10, sold for 18, profit is unknown until all costs are counted.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 4. Simulation Use
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This principle supports:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- venture outcome calculation
|
||||||
|
- player feedback
|
||||||
|
- price comparison
|
||||||
|
- route evaluation
|
||||||
|
- break-even analysis
|
||||||
|
- false-profit prevention
|
||||||
|
- training examples in Layer 1
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The model should always distinguish:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- gross spread
|
||||||
|
- total cost
|
||||||
|
- actual profit
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 5. Canonical Test
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If the model sees:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> Purchase price: 10 asses. Sale price: 18 asses.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
It must not immediately answer:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> Profit: 8 asses.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
It must ask:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- what was transport cost?
|
||||||
|
- what was storage cost?
|
||||||
|
- were dues paid?
|
||||||
|
- was any product lost?
|
||||||
|
- how long was capital tied up?
|
||||||
|
- was another better venture missed?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Only after total cost is known can profit be calculated.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 6. Success Condition
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If the model stops treating the difference between purchase price and sale price as profit, and starts subtracting total cost from sale value, this file is functioning correctly.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<!-- /chunk -->
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user